足球英语界外球_足球界外球技巧

部分球队英文名Arminia Bielefeld★Eintracht Frankfurt★Borussia Dortmund★Bayer Leverkusen★FC Schalke★VfB Stuttgart★Hamburger SV★Hannover★Werder Bremen★MSV Duisburg★Hertha BSC Berlin★Karlsruher★FC Nunberg★VfL Wolfsburg★FC Energie Cottbus★Hansa Rostock

liverpool★chelsea★west ham★everton★blackburn★manchester city★newcastle★wigan★aston villa★birmingham★middlesbrough★sunderland★portsmouth★fulham★tottenham★reading★botton★

场地名称篇

field / pitch 足球场

midfield 中场

backfield 后场

kickoff circle / center circle 中圈

halfway line 中线

touchline / sideline 边线

goal line 球门线

end line 底线

penalty mark （点球）罚球点

penalty area 禁区（罚球区）

goal area 小禁区（球门区）

球队称谓篇

coach 教练

head coach 主教练

football player 足球运动员

referee 裁判

lineman 巡边员

captain / leader 队长

forward / striker 前锋

midfielder 前卫

left midfielder 左前卫

right midfielder 右前卫

attacking midfielder 攻击型前卫（前腰）

defending midfielder 防守型前卫（后腰）

center forward 中锋

full back 后卫

center back 中后卫

left back 左后卫

right back 右后卫

sweeper 清道夫，拖后中卫

goalkeeper / goalie 守门员

cheer team 拉拉队

足球技术篇

kick-off 开球

bicycle kick / overhead kick 倒钩球

chest-high ball 半高球

corner ball / corner

goal kick 球门球

handball 手球

header 头球

penalty kick 点球

place kick 定位球

own goal 乌龙球

hat-trick 帽子戏法

free kick 任意球

direct free kick 直接任意球

indirect free kick 间接任意球

stopping 停球

chesting 胸部停球

pass 传球

short pass 短传

long pass 长传

cross pass 横传

spot pass 球传到位

consecutive passes 连续传球

take a pass 接球

triangular pass 三角传球

flank pass 边线传球

lobbing pass 高吊传球

volley pass 凌空传球

slide tackle 铲球

rolling pass / ground pass 地滚球

flying header 跳起顶球

clearance kick 解围

shoot 射门

close-range shot 近射

long shot 远射

offside 越位

throw-in 掷界外球

block tackle 正面抢截

body check 阻挡

fair charge 合理冲撞

diving header 鱼跃顶球

dribbling 盘球，带球

clean catching （守门员）接高球

finger-tip save （守门员）托救球

offside 越位

deceptive movement 假动作

break through 突破

kick-out 踢出界

足球战术篇 ranking 排名（名次）

set the pace 掌握进攻节奏

ward off an assault 击退一次攻势

break up an attack 破坏一次攻势

disorganize the defence 搅乱防守

total football 全攻全守足球战术

open football 拉开的足球战术

off-side trap 越位战术

wing play 边锋战术

time wasting tactics 拖延战术

4-3-3 formation 433阵型

4-4-2 formation 442阵型

beat the offside trap 反越位成功

foul 犯规

technical foul 技术犯规

break loose 摆脱

control the midfield 控制中场

set a wall 筑人墙

close-marking defence 盯人防守

比赛方式篇

half-time interval 中场休息

round robin 循环赛

group round robin 小组循环赛

extra time 加时赛

elimination match 淘汰赛

injury time 伤停补时

golden goal / sudden death 金球制，突然死亡法

eighth-final 八分之一决赛

quarterfinal 四分之一决赛

semi-final 半决赛

final match 决赛

preliminary match 预赛

one-sided game 一边倒的比赛

competition regulations 比赛条例

disqualification 取消比赛资格

match ban 禁赛命令

doping test 药检

draw / sortition 抽签

send a player off 判罚出场

red card 红牌

yellow card 黄牌

goal 球门，进球数

draw 平局

goal drought 进球荒

Football is the name given to a number of different, but related, team sports. The most popular of these worldwide (and by far the most popular sport worldwide) is association football, which can be abbreviated soccer. The English language word football is also applied to rugby football (rugby union and rugby league), North American football (American and Canadian), Australian rules football, and Gaelic football.

Some of the many different codes of football.While it is widely believed that the word football originated in reference to the action of a foot kicking a ball, there is a rival explanation, which has it that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot.[1] These games were usually played by peasants, as opposed to the horse-riding sports often played by aristocrats. While there is no conclusive evidence for this explanation, the word football has always implied a variety of games played on foot, not just those that involved kicking a ball. In some cases, the word football has been applied to games which have specifically outlawed kicking the ball. (See football (word) for more details.)

All football games involve scoring with a spherical or prolate spheroid ball (itself called a football), by moving the ball into, onto, or over a goal area or line defended by the opposing team. Many of the modern games have their origins in England, but many peoples around the world have played games which involved kicking and/or carrying a ball since ancient times.

The object of all football games is to advance the ball by kicking, running with, or passing and catching, either to the opponent's end of the field where points or goals can be scored by, depending on the game, putting the ball across the goal line between posts and under a crossbar, putting the ball between upright posts (and possibly over a crossbar), or advancing the ball across the opponent's goal line while maintaining possession of the ball.

In all football games, the winning team is the one that has the most points or goals when a specified length of time has elapsed.

History

For the history of only Association Football, see History of football (soccer)

Throughout the history of mankind the urge to kick at stones and other such objects is thought to have led to many early activities involving kicking and/or running with a ball. Football-like games predate recorded history in all parts of the world, and thus the earliest forms of football are not known.

Ancient games

Documented evidence of what is possibly the oldest organized activity resembling football can be found in a Chinese military manual written during the Han Dynasty in about 2nd century BC.

It describes a practice known as cuju (Traditional Chinese: 蹴鞠; Simplified Chinese: 蹴踘; Pinyin: cù jū) which involved kicking a leather ball through a hole in a piece of silk cloth strung between two 30 foot poles. Another Asian ball-kicking game, which may have been influenced by cuju, is kemari. This is known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In kemari several individuals stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie). The game survived through many years but appears to have died out sometime before the mid 19th century. In 1903 in a bid to restore ancient traditions the game was revived and it can now be seen played for the benefit of tourists at a number of festivals.

Mesoamerican ballgames played with rubber balls are also well-documented as existing since before this time, and are thought to have resembled football in their earlier versions; but since later versions have more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and since their influence on modern football games is minimal, most do not class them as football.

The Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman writer Cicero describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barbers shop. The Roman game of Harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a team game known as "επισκυρο?" (episkyros) or pheninda that is mentioned by Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388-311BC) and later referred to by Clement of Alexandria. The game appears to have vaguely resembled rugby.

There are a number of less well-documented references to prehistoric, ancient or traditional ball games, played by indigenous peoples all around the world. For example, William Strachey of the Jamestown settlement is the first to record a game played by the Native Americans called Pahsaheman, in 1610. In Victoria, Australia, Indigenous Australians played a game called Marn Grook. An 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, quotes a man called Richard Thomas as saying, in about 1841, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: "Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it." It is widely believed that Marn Grook had an influence on the development of Australian rules football (see below). In northern Canada and/or Alaska, the Inuit (Eskimos) played a game on ice called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team's line and then at a goal.

These games and others may well go far back into antiquity and have influenced football over the centuries. However, the route towards the development of modern football games appears to lie in Western Europe and particularly England.